As some parts of Uganda face more frequent droughts, erratic rainfall, and declining soil fertility due to climate change, farmers in these regions are turning to climate-smart agriculture strategies in response.
One of the most effective methods gaining traction is the adoption of drought-resistant crops varieties that perform well even under harsh and uncertain weather conditions.
In regions such as Teso, Karamoja, Lango, and the cattle corridor, where rainfall has become increasingly unpredictable, drought-tolerant crops are emerging as a sustainable solution.
These crops not only secure food production but also provide a foundation for long-term agricultural resilience.
Early-Maturing Maize a Timely Response to Dry Conditions
Early-maturing maize is among the most widely adopted drought-resistant innovations in Uganda. These varieties mature in as little as 90 days, significantly reducing the risk of crop failure during extended dry spells.
Varieties like Longe 10H, Longe 11H, and Bazooka are gaining popularity across eastern and northern Uganda because of their quick growth, reduced water needs, and resistance to common pests.
These maize varieties are developed as part of national efforts led by the National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), which works closely with farmers to distribute climate-resilient seeds and offer training on improved cultivation techniques.
Improved Cassava a Reliable and Resilient Staple
Cassava continues to be a dependable crop for Ugandan farmers, especially during dry seasons. New, improved varieties like NAROCASS1 and NASE 14 build on cassava’s traditional drought resistance by offering higher yields and resistance to diseases such as cassava mosaic and brown streak.
These improved varieties also have flexible harvesting windows, allowing farmers to leave them in the ground until food is needed, which helps buffer households during times of scarcity.
Widely cultivated in eastern and central Uganda, improved cassava serves as a strategic food reserve and is especially vital for communities practicing subsistence farming.
Rediscovering Indigenous Seeds for Climate Adaptation
Alongside modern hybrids, many Ugandan farmers are turning back to indigenous crop varieties that have long been adapted to local climates.
Traditional crops such as millet, sorghum, pigeon peas, and simsim are regaining popularity for their ability to thrive with minimal rainfall and without the need for chemical inputs.
In arid regions like Karamoja, indigenous varieties such as serere white sorghum and finger millet are proving vital to both food security and cultural preservation.
These crops not only withstand harsh weather but also support biodiversity and nutrition.
To support this movement, various development organizations are promoting the use of seed banks and community-led seed systems that ensure farmers can access and preserve indigenous crop varieties as a key climate adaptation measure.
Support Systems Driving Change
Government programs and NGO partnerships are playing a central role in expanding the use of drought-resistant crops.
National frameworks like the Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Program and the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) provide farmers with training, subsidized seeds, and technical guidance.
Non-governmental organizations such as Caritas Uganda, SNV, and World Vision are also active in helping farmers access climate-resilient seed kits, establish farmer cooperatives, and explore agribusiness opportunities related to drought-tolerant crops.
Despite these efforts, challenges remain. Many smallholder farmers struggle with limited access to certified seeds and often rely on informal seed networks.
There is also a need for improved agricultural extension services to support farmers in properly managing new seed varieties and maximizing yields.
Cultivating a Resilient Future
As climate change continues to reshape Uganda’s agricultural landscape, the adoption of early-maturing, drought-tolerant, and indigenous crops is becoming essential.
These crops not only secure food supplies but also safeguard rural livelihoods and contribute to ecological sustainability.
The combination of scientific innovation, traditional knowledge, and targeted farmer support is gradually transforming Uganda’s agricultural systems into models of climate resilience.
By investing in climate-smart seeds and empowering farmers through education and resources, Uganda is laying the groundwork for a food-secure future in the face of climate uncertainty.
